Practice Free 312-38 Exam Online Questions
Question #31
Which type of attack is used to hack an IoT device and direct large amounts of network traffic toward a web server, resulting in overloading the server with connections and preventing any new connections?
- A . XSS
- B . DDoS
- C . XCRF
- D . Sniffing
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
The type of attack that is used to hack an IoT device and direct large amounts of network traffic toward a web server, causing it to overload with connections and preventing any new connections, is known as a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. In a DDoS attack, multiple compromised computer systems, which can include IoT devices, are used to target a single system causing a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. These attacks can overwhelm the target with a flood of internet traffic, which can lead to the server being unable to process legitimate requests, effectively taking it offline.
Reference: The concept of DDoS attacks utilizing IoT devices to flood targets with traffic is well-documented in cybersecurity literature. Such attacks exploit the connectivity and processing power of IoT devices to launch large-scale assaults on web servers and other online services, leading to the overloading of these systems123. This aligns with the objectives and documents of the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program, which includes understanding and defending against such network security threats.
B
Explanation:
The type of attack that is used to hack an IoT device and direct large amounts of network traffic toward a web server, causing it to overload with connections and preventing any new connections, is known as a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. In a DDoS attack, multiple compromised computer systems, which can include IoT devices, are used to target a single system causing a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. These attacks can overwhelm the target with a flood of internet traffic, which can lead to the server being unable to process legitimate requests, effectively taking it offline.
Reference: The concept of DDoS attacks utilizing IoT devices to flood targets with traffic is well-documented in cybersecurity literature. Such attacks exploit the connectivity and processing power of IoT devices to launch large-scale assaults on web servers and other online services, leading to the overloading of these systems123. This aligns with the objectives and documents of the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program, which includes understanding and defending against such network security threats.
Question #32
An IDS or IDPS can be deployed in two modes.
Which deployment mode allows the IDS to both detect and stop malicious traffic?
- A . promiscuous mode
- B . passive mode
- C . firewall mode
- D . inline mode
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
The deployment mode that allows an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) or Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS) to both detect and stop malicious traffic is known as inline mode. In this mode, the IDS/IDPS is placed directly in the network’s traffic flow. All traffic must pass through the system, allowing it to inspect packets in real-time and take immediate action to block potential threats before they reach their destination. This contrasts with promiscuous or passive modes, where the system only monitors and alerts on traffic without the ability to intervene directly.
Reference: The functionality of inline mode in IDS/IDPS is well-documented and aligns with the objectives of the Certified Network Defender (CND) course. It is a critical aspect of network security, ensuring active prevention of attacks by analyzing and acting upon traffic as it traverses the network12.
D
Explanation:
The deployment mode that allows an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) or Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS) to both detect and stop malicious traffic is known as inline mode. In this mode, the IDS/IDPS is placed directly in the network’s traffic flow. All traffic must pass through the system, allowing it to inspect packets in real-time and take immediate action to block potential threats before they reach their destination. This contrasts with promiscuous or passive modes, where the system only monitors and alerts on traffic without the ability to intervene directly.
Reference: The functionality of inline mode in IDS/IDPS is well-documented and aligns with the objectives of the Certified Network Defender (CND) course. It is a critical aspect of network security, ensuring active prevention of attacks by analyzing and acting upon traffic as it traverses the network12.
Question #33
A CCTV camera, which can be accessed on the smartphone from a remote location, is an example of _____
- A . Device-to-Device communication model
- B . Device-to-Cloud communication model
- C . Device-to-Gateway communication model
- D . Back-End Data-Sharing communication model
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
A CCTV camera that can be accessed on a smartphone from a remote location typically uses the Device-to-Cloud communication model. This model involves devices that connect directly to the cloud where data is stored and processed. Users can access this data through an application on their smartphones, allowing for remote monitoring and control. This setup is common for IP cameras that transmit data over the internet, enabling users to view live footage or recordings from anywhere with an internet connection123.
Reference: The Device-to-Cloud communication model is widely recognized in the context of remote access to surveillance systems, as it provides the necessary infrastructure for transmitting and storing data from CCTV cameras to a cloud platform, which users can then access via smartphones or other devices123.
B
Explanation:
A CCTV camera that can be accessed on a smartphone from a remote location typically uses the Device-to-Cloud communication model. This model involves devices that connect directly to the cloud where data is stored and processed. Users can access this data through an application on their smartphones, allowing for remote monitoring and control. This setup is common for IP cameras that transmit data over the internet, enabling users to view live footage or recordings from anywhere with an internet connection123.
Reference: The Device-to-Cloud communication model is widely recognized in the context of remote access to surveillance systems, as it provides the necessary infrastructure for transmitting and storing data from CCTV cameras to a cloud platform, which users can then access via smartphones or other devices123.
Question #34
USB ports enabled on a laptop is an example of____
- A . System Attack Surface
- B . Network Attack Surface
- C . Physical Attack Surface
- D . Software attack Surface
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
The term “attack surface” refers to the sum of all possible points where an unauthorized user can try to enter data to or extract data from an environment. The enabled USB ports on a laptop are considered a part of the physical attack surface because they allow for physical interaction with the device. This includes the potential for unauthorized devices to be connected, which could be used to compromise security, such as through the introduction of malware or the unauthorized copying of sensitive data.
Reference: This explanation aligns with the definitions provided in network security resources, which categorize attack surfaces based on the nature of the interaction―physical, network, or software12. The reference to the physical attack surface includes any physical means by which data can be compromised, which encompasses USB ports on a laptop1.
C
Explanation:
The term “attack surface” refers to the sum of all possible points where an unauthorized user can try to enter data to or extract data from an environment. The enabled USB ports on a laptop are considered a part of the physical attack surface because they allow for physical interaction with the device. This includes the potential for unauthorized devices to be connected, which could be used to compromise security, such as through the introduction of malware or the unauthorized copying of sensitive data.
Reference: This explanation aligns with the definitions provided in network security resources, which categorize attack surfaces based on the nature of the interaction―physical, network, or software12. The reference to the physical attack surface includes any physical means by which data can be compromised, which encompasses USB ports on a laptop1.
Question #35
How can organizations obtain information about threats through human intelligence?
- A . By extracting information from security blogs and forums
- B . By discovering vulnerabilities through exploration, understanding malware behavior through malware processing, etc.
- C . From the data of past incidents and network monitoring
- D . From attackers through the dark web and honeypots
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
Human intelligence (HUMINT) in the context of network defense involves the collection of information from human sources. This can include extracting insights from security blogs, forums, and other platforms where cybersecurity professionals and enthusiasts discuss vulnerabilities, threats, and incidents. By monitoring these discussions, organizations can gain valuable information about emerging threats, techniques used by attackers, and potential security weaknesses that need to be addressed.
Reference: The role of human intelligence in gathering threat information is highlighted in cybersecurity literature. For example, CrowdStrike discusses the importance of HUMINT in cybersecurity, noting that it involves engaging with threat actors on various platforms to gather information about their activities1. Additionally, the IEEE paper on “Gathering threat intelligence through computer network deception” emphasizes the significance of proactive threat intelligence development by network defenders2.
D
Explanation:
Human intelligence (HUMINT) in the context of network defense involves the collection of information from human sources. This can include extracting insights from security blogs, forums, and other platforms where cybersecurity professionals and enthusiasts discuss vulnerabilities, threats, and incidents. By monitoring these discussions, organizations can gain valuable information about emerging threats, techniques used by attackers, and potential security weaknesses that need to be addressed.
Reference: The role of human intelligence in gathering threat information is highlighted in cybersecurity literature. For example, CrowdStrike discusses the importance of HUMINT in cybersecurity, noting that it involves engaging with threat actors on various platforms to gather information about their activities1. Additionally, the IEEE paper on “Gathering threat intelligence through computer network deception” emphasizes the significance of proactive threat intelligence development by network defenders2.
Question #36
Management wants to bring their organization into compliance with the ISO standard for information security risk management.
Which ISO standard will management decide to implement?
- A . ISO/IEC 27004
- B . ISO/IEC 27002
- C . ISO/IEC 27006
- D . ISO/IEC 27005
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
ISO/IEC 27005 is the standard dedicated to information security risk management. It provides guidelines for information security risk management and supports the general concepts specified in ISO/IEC 27001. It is designed to assist the implementation of information security based on a risk management approach and is applicable to all types of organizations which intend to manage risks that can compromise the organization’s information security.
Reference: The ISO/IEC 27005 standard is referenced in various resources as the go-to standard for information security risk management, which aligns with the objectives of bringing an organization into compliance with ISO standards for this purpose12. Additionally, the ECCouncil’s Certified Network Defender (CND) study materials and guidelines would include references to such standards as part of the curriculum for network security and defense34.
D
Explanation:
ISO/IEC 27005 is the standard dedicated to information security risk management. It provides guidelines for information security risk management and supports the general concepts specified in ISO/IEC 27001. It is designed to assist the implementation of information security based on a risk management approach and is applicable to all types of organizations which intend to manage risks that can compromise the organization’s information security.
Reference: The ISO/IEC 27005 standard is referenced in various resources as the go-to standard for information security risk management, which aligns with the objectives of bringing an organization into compliance with ISO standards for this purpose12. Additionally, the ECCouncil’s Certified Network Defender (CND) study materials and guidelines would include references to such standards as part of the curriculum for network security and defense34.
Question #37
Who acts as an intermediary to provide connectivity and transport services between cloud consumers and providers?
- A . Cloud Auditor
- B . Cloud Broker
- C . Cloud Carrier
- D . Cloud Consultant
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
The Cloud Carrier acts as an intermediary that provides connectivity and transport services between cloud consumers and cloud providers. They are responsible for ensuring that the cloud services are accessible to consumers via network, telecommunication, and other access services. This role is crucial in the cloud ecosystem as it facilitates the movement of data and services across the internet or other networks, making the cloud services available to users and organizations.
Reference: The role of the Cloud Carrier is discussed in various cloud computing resources. For example, Quizlet’s flashcards on “Chapter 9 – security in cloud computing” describe the Cloud Carrier as an intermediary providing connectivity and transport of cloud services from cloud providers to cloud consumers1. Similarly, the Cloud Accountability Project’s reference architecture outlines the Cloud Carrier’s role in transporting cloud services2. BMC Software’s blog also highlights the Cloud Carrier’s role in providing the necessary bandwidth and capabilities to connect consumers with providers3.
C
Explanation:
The Cloud Carrier acts as an intermediary that provides connectivity and transport services between cloud consumers and cloud providers. They are responsible for ensuring that the cloud services are accessible to consumers via network, telecommunication, and other access services. This role is crucial in the cloud ecosystem as it facilitates the movement of data and services across the internet or other networks, making the cloud services available to users and organizations.
Reference: The role of the Cloud Carrier is discussed in various cloud computing resources. For example, Quizlet’s flashcards on “Chapter 9 – security in cloud computing” describe the Cloud Carrier as an intermediary providing connectivity and transport of cloud services from cloud providers to cloud consumers1. Similarly, the Cloud Accountability Project’s reference architecture outlines the Cloud Carrier’s role in transporting cloud services2. BMC Software’s blog also highlights the Cloud Carrier’s role in providing the necessary bandwidth and capabilities to connect consumers with providers3.
Question #38
Management wants to calculate the risk factor for their organization. Kevin, a network administrator in the organization knows how to calculate the risk factor. Certain parameters are required before calculating risk factor.
What are they? (Select all that apply) Risk factor =………….X……………X………..
- A . Vulnerability
- B . Impact
- C . Attack
- D . Threat
Correct Answer: A,
A,
Explanation:
The risk factor for an organization is typically calculated by considering the potential impact of a threat exploiting a vulnerability. The formula often used is Risk = Threat X Vulnerability X Impact. This means that for a risk to exist, there must be a threat that could exploit a vulnerability and cause an impact on the organization. An attack is not a parameter in the risk calculation but rather the act that occurs when a threat exploits a vulnerability.
Reference: The information is based on the principles of risk assessment and management as outlined in the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) course materials, which emphasize the importance of understanding threats, vulnerabilities, and their potential impact to calculate risk effectively12.
A,
Explanation:
The risk factor for an organization is typically calculated by considering the potential impact of a threat exploiting a vulnerability. The formula often used is Risk = Threat X Vulnerability X Impact. This means that for a risk to exist, there must be a threat that could exploit a vulnerability and cause an impact on the organization. An attack is not a parameter in the risk calculation but rather the act that occurs when a threat exploits a vulnerability.
Reference: The information is based on the principles of risk assessment and management as outlined in the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) course materials, which emphasize the importance of understanding threats, vulnerabilities, and their potential impact to calculate risk effectively12.
Question #39
A stateful multilayer inspection firewall combines the aspects of Application level gateway, Circuit level gateway and Packet filtering firewall.
On which layers of the OSI model, does the Stateful multilayer inspection firewall works?
- A . Network, Session & Application
- B . Physical & application
- C . Session & network
- D . Physical, session & application
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
A stateful multilayer inspection firewall operates across multiple layers of the OSI model, specifically the Network, Session, and Application layers. It combines the features of packet filtering, circuit-level gateway, and application-level gateway firewalls. This type of firewall inspects the state and context of network traffic, ensuring that all packets are part of a known and valid session. It can make decisions based on the connection state as well as the contents of the traffic, providing a thorough inspection across these layers.
Reference: The information is consistent with the characteristics of stateful multilayer inspection firewalls as described in various sources, which confirm that they work across the Network, Session, and Application layers of the OSI model1234.
A
Explanation:
A stateful multilayer inspection firewall operates across multiple layers of the OSI model, specifically the Network, Session, and Application layers. It combines the features of packet filtering, circuit-level gateway, and application-level gateway firewalls. This type of firewall inspects the state and context of network traffic, ensuring that all packets are part of a known and valid session. It can make decisions based on the connection state as well as the contents of the traffic, providing a thorough inspection across these layers.
Reference: The information is consistent with the characteristics of stateful multilayer inspection firewalls as described in various sources, which confirm that they work across the Network, Session, and Application layers of the OSI model1234.
Question #40
George was conducting a recovery drill test as a part of his network operation. Recovery drill tests are conducted on the______________.
- A . Archived data
- B . Deleted data
- C . Data in transit
- D . Backup data
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
Recovery drill tests are an essential part of disaster recovery planning. They are conducted on backup data to ensure that the data can be successfully restored in the event of a disaster. During these drills, the backup systems are tested to verify that they function correctly and that the data is intact and recoverable. This process helps organizations prepare for actual disaster scenarios and ensures that their backup solutions are effective and reliable.
Reference: The practice of conducting recovery drill tests on backup data is a standard procedure in disaster recovery and business continuity planning, as outlined in various IT and network security resources123.
D
Explanation:
Recovery drill tests are an essential part of disaster recovery planning. They are conducted on backup data to ensure that the data can be successfully restored in the event of a disaster. During these drills, the backup systems are tested to verify that they function correctly and that the data is intact and recoverable. This process helps organizations prepare for actual disaster scenarios and ensures that their backup solutions are effective and reliable.
Reference: The practice of conducting recovery drill tests on backup data is a standard procedure in disaster recovery and business continuity planning, as outlined in various IT and network security resources123.