Practice Free SAP-C02 Exam Online Questions – Page 6

Question #51

A company has a transit gateway that connects multiple VPCs in the same AWS Region. The company needs a centralized way to inspect network traffic and allow internet access for the workload VPCs.

Which solution meets these requirements?

A . Create a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB), GWLB endpoints, and a network virtual appliance in an existing workload VPC. Update the route table in the remaining workload VPCs to send traffic to the transit gateway. Configure the transit gateway route tables to forward traffic to the GWLB endpoints. Enable appliance mode on the GWLB.
B . Create a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB) in an existing workload VPC. Create GWLB endpoints and network virtual appliances in a different workload VPC. Update the route tables in all workload VPCs to send traffic to the transit gateway. Configure the transit gateway route tables to forward traffic to the GWLB endpoints. Enable appliance mode on the GWLB endpoints.
C . Create an inspection VPC and an internet access VPC. Create a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB) and GWLB endpoints in the inspection VPC. Create a network virtual appliance in the internet VPC. Enable flow logs in the workload VPCs to route traffic to the transit gateway. Enable appliance mode on the network virtual appliance.
D . Create an inspection VPC that contains a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB), GWLB endpoints, and a network virtual appliance. Update the route tables in all workload VPCs to send traffic to the transit gateway. Configure the transit gateway route tables to forward traffic to the GWLB endpoints. Enable appliance mode on the transit gateway.

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Correct Answer: D
D

Explanation:

The company needs centralized traffic inspection and centralized internet access for multiple workload VPCs connected by a transit gateway. The standard AWS hub-and-spoke pattern for centralized inspection is to use an inspection VPC that hosts network virtual appliances behind a Gateway Load Balancer, and to steer traffic from spoke VPCs through the transit gateway to the inspection VPC. Gateway Load Balancer endpoints are used to privately connect VPCs to the GWLB, allowing traffic to be transparently redirected to the appliances for inspection without changing application configurations.

To ensure symmetric routing for stateful inspection (so that return traffic traverses the same appliance path), appliance mode is enabled on the transit gateway attachment that connects to the inspection VPC. Appliance mode is specifically used with transit gateways and third-party appliances to preserve flow symmetry and avoid asymmetric routing issues.

Option D matches the centralized model: it creates a dedicated inspection VPC that contains the GWLB, endpoints, and the inspection appliance. It updates workload VPC routes to send traffic to the transit gateway and configures the transit gateway route tables to forward relevant traffic to the GWLB endpoints in the inspection VPC. Enabling appliance mode on the transit gateway is the key operational setting to maintain symmetric routing through the appliance fleet for inspected traffic.

Option A is incorrect because it places the inspection components inside an existing workload VPC rather than using a centralized inspection VPC. This increases coupling, makes the architecture harder to manage, and does not match the typical centralized inspection pattern. It also references enabling appliance mode on the GWLB, whereas appliance mode is a transit gateway attachment feature used for routing symmetry with appliances, not a setting “on the GWLB” itself.

Option B is incorrect because it splits the GWLB and endpoints/appliances across different workload VPCs, which complicates the design and is not the intended GWLB pattern. GWLB endpoints are created in VPCs that need to send traffic to the GWLB service; the appliances sit behind the GWLB in the provider/inspection VPC. The option also refers to enabling appliance mode on endpoints, but the appliance mode setting is associated with the transit gateway attachment.

Option C is incorrect because VPC flow logs are for logging and visibility; flow logs do not route traffic. Also, separating “inspection VPC” and “internet access VPC” with the appliances in the internet VPC does not align with the standard GWLB centralized inspection architecture and introduces unnecessary complexity.

Therefore, creating a dedicated inspection VPC with GWLB and endpoints and enabling appliance mode on the transit gateway attachment is the correct centralized approach.

Reference: AWS documentation on AWS Transit Gateway centralized inspection architectures using an inspection VPC. AWS documentation on Gateway Load Balancer and Gateway Load Balancer endpoints for inserting third-party appliances transparently. AWS documentation on transit gateway appliance mode for preserving symmetric routing through network appliances.

Question #52

A software-as-a-service (SaaS) provider exposes APIs through an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB connects to an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster that is deployed in the us-east-I Region. The exposed APIs contain usage of a few non-standard REST methods: LINK, UNLINK, LOCK, and UNLOCK.

Users outside the United States are reporting long and inconsistent response times for these APIs. A solutions architect needs to resolve this problem with a solution that minimizes operational overhead.

Which solution meets these requirements?

A . Add an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Configure the ALB as the origin.
B . Add an Amazon API Gateway edge-optimized API endpoint to expose the APIs. Configure the ALB as the target.
C . Add an accelerator in AWS Global Accelerator. Configure the ALB as the origin.
D . Deploy the APIs to two additional AWS Regions: eu-west-l and ap-southeast-2. Add latency-based routing records in Amazon Route 53.

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Question #53

A North American company with headquarters on the East Coast is deploying a new web application running on Amazon EC2 in the us-east-1 Region. The application should dynamically scale to meet user demand and maintain resiliency. Additionally, the application must have disaster recover capabilities in an active-passive configuration with the us-west-1 Region.

Which steps should a solutions architect take after creating a VPC in the us-east-1 Region?

A . Create a VPC in the us-west-1 Region. Use inter-Region VPC peering to connect both VPCs. Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) spanning multiple Availability Zones (AZs) to the VPC in the us-east-1 Region. Deploy EC2 instances across multiple AZs in each Region as part of an Auto Scaling group spanning both VPCs and served by the ALB.
B . Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) spanning multiple Availability Zones (AZs) to the VPC in the us-east-1 Region. Deploy EC2 instances across multiple AZs as part of an Auto Scaling group served by the ALB. Deploy the same solution to the us-west-1 Region. Create an Amazon Route 53 record set with a failover routing policy and health checks enabled to provide high availability across both Regions.
C . Create a VPC in the us-west-1 Region. Use inter-Region VPC peering to connect both VPCs. Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that spans both VPCs. Deploy EC2 instances across multiple Availability Zones as part of an Auto Scaling group in each VPC served by the ALB. Create an Amazon Route 53 record that points to the ALB.
D . Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) spanning multiple Availability Zones (AZs) to the VPC in the us-east-1 Region. Deploy EC2 instances across multiple AZs as part of an Auto Scaling group served by the ALB. Deploy the same solution to the us-west-1 Region. Create separate Amazon Route 53 records in each Region that point to the ALB in the Region. Use Route 53 health checks to provide high availability across both Regions.

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Question #54

A company uses AWS Organizations for a multi-account setup in the AWS Cloud. The company’s finance team has a data processing application that uses AWS Lambda and Amazon DynamoDB. The company’s marketing team wants to access the data that is stored in the DynamoDB table.

The DynamoDB table contains confidential data. The marketing team can have access to only specific attributes of data in the DynamoDB table. The fi-nance team and the marketing team have separate AWS accounts.

What should a solutions architect do to provide the marketing team with the appropriate access to the DynamoDB table?

A . Create an SCP to grant the marketing team’s AWS account access to the specific attributes of the DynamoDB table. Attach the SCP to the OU of the finance team.
B . Create an IAM role in the finance team’s account by using IAM policy conditions for specific DynamoDB attributes (fine-grained access con-trol). Establish trust with the marketing team’s account. In the mar-keting team’s account, create an IAM role that has permissions to as-sume the IAM role in the finance team’s account.
C . Create a resource-based IAM policy that includes conditions for spe-cific DynamoDB attributes
(fine-grained access control). Attach the policy to the DynamoDB table. In the marketing team’s account, create an IAM role that has permissions to access the DynamoDB table in the finance team’s account.
D . Create an IAM role in the finance team’s account to access the Dyna-moDB table. Use an IAM permissions boundary to limit the access to the specific attributes. In the marketing team’s account, create an IAM role that has permissions to assume the IAM role in the finance team’s account.

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Correct Answer: C
C

Explanation:

The company should create a resource-based IAM policy that includes conditions for specific DynamoDB attributes (fine-grained access control). The company should attach the policy to the DynamoDB table. In the marketing team’s account, the company should create an IAM role that has permissions to access the DynamoDB table in the finance team’s account. This solution will meet the requirements because a resource-based IAM policy is a policy that you attach to an AWS resource (such as a DynamoDB table) to control who can access that resource and what actions they can perform on it. You can use IAM policyconditions to specify fine-grained access control for DynamoDB items and attributes .

For example, you can allow or deny access to specific attributes of all items in a table by matching on attribute names1. By creating a resource-based policy that allows access to only specific attributes of the DynamoDB table and attaching it to the table, the company can restrict access to confidential data. By creating an IAM role in the marketing team’s account that has permissions to access the DynamoDB table in the finance team’s account, the company can enable cross-account access.

The other options are not correct because:

Creating an SCP to grant the marketing team’s AWS account access to the specific attributes of the DynamoDB table would not work because SCPs are policies that you can use with AWS Organizations to manage permissions in your organization’s accounts. SCPs do not grant permissions; instead, they specify the maximum permissions that identities in an account can have2. SCPs cannot be used to specify fine-grained access control for DynamoDB items and attributes.

Creating an IAM role in the finance team’s account by using IAM policy conditions for specific DynamoDB attributes and establishing trust with the marketing team’s account would not work because IAM roles are identities that you can create in your account that have specific permissions. You can use an IAM role to delegate access to users, applications, or services that don’t normally have access to your AWS resources3. However, creating an IAM role in the finance team’s account would not restrict access to specific attributes of the DynamoDB table; it would only allow cross-account access. The company would still need a resource-based policy attached to the table to enforce fine-grained access control.

Creating an IAM role in the finance team’s account to access the DynamoDB table and using an IAM permissions boundary to limit the access to the specific attributes would not work because IAM permissions boundaries are policies that you use to delegate permissions management to other users. You can use permissions boundaries to limit the maximum permissions that an identity-based policy can grant to an IAM entity (user or role)4. Permissions boundaries cannot be used to specify fine-grained access control for DynamoDB items and attributes.

Reference:

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/specifying-conditions.html

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/organizations/latest/userguide/orgs_manage_policies_scps.html

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles.html

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_boundaries.html

Question #55

A company has an organization in AWS Organizations that includes a separate AWS account for each of the company’s departments. Application teams from different departments develop and deploy solutions independently.

The company wants to reduce compute costs and manage costs appropriately across departments. The company also wants to improve visibility into billing for individual departments. The company does not want to lose operational flexibility when the company selects compute resources.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A . Use AWS Budgets for each department. Use Tag Editor to apply tags to appropriate resources.
Purchase EC2 Instance Savings Plans.
B . Configure AWS Organizations to use consolidated billing. Implement a tagging strategy that identifies departments. Use SCPs to apply tags to appropriate resources. Purchase EC2 Instance Savings Plans.
C . Configure AWS Organizations to use consolidated billing. Implement a tagging strategy that identifies departments. Use Tag Editor to apply tags to appropriate resources. Purchase Compute Savings Plans.
D . Use AWS Budgets for each department. Use SCPs to apply tags to appropriate resources. Purchase Compute Savings Plans.

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Question #56

A company stores all its infrastructure code in a central Git repository that is hosted on GitHub Enterprise. The company wants to implement a process that submits every infrastructure update by using a pull request. Each pull request must automatically receive an AWS CloudFormation change set. After the pull request is approved, CloudFormation must apply the updates directly. The process must not require custom pipelines or manual template processing.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A . Use CloudFormation to invoke an AWS CodePipeline action. Configure the CodePipeline action to validate the template and publish the validation results as pull request comments.
B . Use CloudFormation Git sync to link CloudFormation with the repository. Configure automatic change set creation for pull request updates. Configure CloudFormation to post the change set summary and apply the update when the pull request is approved and merged.
C . Use CloudFormation drift detection. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to pull request updates. Configure the EventBridge rule to produce drift comparison results and send the results as comments before the stack is updated.
D . Use CloudFormation Lambda Hooks. Configure Lambda Hooks to evaluate the updated template and write the planned changes into the pull request when a stack update is requested.

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Question #57

A company’s inventory application stores data in an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster in a single AWS Region. The company wants to improve resiliency by extending the database infrastructure to a secondary Region. The company wants an RTO of 15 minutes and an RPO of 5 minutes. The solution must not run Aurora DB instances in the secondary Region when the application is operational in the primary Region.

Which solution meets these requirements?

A . Configure AWS DMS to copy the Aurora DB cluster in the primary Region to the secondary Region. Use AWS DMS to synchronize the primary DB cluster with the secondary DB cluster.
B . Create a new Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster in the secondary Region. Use AWS Backup to synchronize the primary DB cluster with the secondary DB cluster.
C . Create a headless Aurora DB cluster in the second Region that is part of the same global DB cluster as the primary Region’s DB cluster.
D . Create an AWS Backup job to back up the DB cluster and copy the DB cluster to the secondary Region every 5 minutes.

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Question #58

A company wants to use Amazon S3 to back up its on-premises file storage solution. The company’s on-premises file storage solution supports NFS, and the company wants its new solution to support NFS. The company wants to archive the backup files after 5 days. If the company needs archived files for disaster recovery, the company is willing to wait a few days for the retrieval of those files.

Which solution meets these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

A . Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway files gateway that is associated with an S3 bucket. Move the files from the on-premises file storage solution to the file gateway. Create an S3 Lifecycle rule to move the file to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) after 5 days.
B . Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway volume gateway that is associated with an S3 bucket. Move the files from the on-premises file storage solution to the volume gateway. Create an S3 Lifecycle rule to move the files to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 5 days.
C . Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway tape gateway that is associated with an S3 bucket. Move the files from the on-premises file storage solution to the tape gateway. Create an S3 Lifecycle rule to move the files to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) after 5 days.
D . Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway that is associated with an S3 bucket. Move the files from the on-premises file storage solution to the tape gateway. Create an S3 Lifecycle rule to move the files to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) after 5 days.
E . Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway that is associated with an S3 bucket. Move the files from the on-premises file storage solution to the file gateway. Create an S3 Lifecycle rule to move the files to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 5 days.

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Question #59

A solutions architect needs to review the design of an Amazon EMR cluster that is using the EMR File System (EMRFS). The cluster performs tasks that are critical to business needs. The cluster is running Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instances at all times tor all task, primary, and core nodes. The EMR tasks run each morning, starting at 1 ;00 AM. and take 6 hours to finish running. The amount of time to complete the processing is not a priority because the data is not referenced until late in the day.

The solutions architect must review the architecture and suggest a solution to minimize the compute costs.

Which solution should the solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements?

A . Launch all task, primary, and core nodes on Spool Instances in an instance fleet. Terminate the cluster, including all instances, when the processing is completed.
B . Launch the primary and core nodes on On-Demand Instances. Launch the task nodes on Spot Instances in an instance fleet. Terminate the cluster, including all instances, when the processing is completed. Purchase Compute Savings Plans to cover the On-Demand Instance usage.
C . Continue to launch all nodes on On-Demand Instances. Terminate the cluster, including all instances, when the processing is completed. Purchase Compute Savings Plans to cover the On-Demand Instance usage
D . Launch the primary and core nodes on On-Demand Instances. Launch the task nodes on Spot Instances in an instance fleet. Terminate only the task node instances when the processing is completed. Purchase Compute Savings Plans to cover the On-Demand Instance usage.

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Question #60

A security engineer determined that an existing application retrieves credentials to an Amazon RDS for MySQL database from an encrypted file in Amazon S3 .

For the next version of the application, the security engineer wants to implement the following application design changes to improve security:

The database must use strong, randomly generated passwords stored in a secure AWS managed service.

The application resources must be deployed through AWS CloudFormation.

The application must rotate credentials for the database every 90 days.

A solutions architect will generate a CloudFormation template to deploy the application.

Which resources specified in the CloudFormation template will meet the security engineer’s requirements with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?

A . Generate the database password as a secret resource using AWS Secrets Manager. Create an AWS Lambda function resource to rotate the database password. Specify a Secrets Manager RotationSchedule resource to rotate the database password every 90 days.
B . Generate the database password as a SecureString parameter type using AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Create an AWS Lambda function resource to rotate the database password. Specifya Parameter Store RotationSchedule resource to rotate the database password every 90 days.
C . Generate the database password as a secret resource using AWS Secrets Manager. Create an AWS Lambda function resource to rotate the database password. Create an Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule resource to trigger the Lambda function password rotation every 90 days.
D . Generate the database password as a SecureString parameter type using AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Specify an AWS AppSync DataSource resource to automatically rotate the database password every 90 days.

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