Practice Free Amazon DEA-C01 Exam Online Questions
Question #51
A company saves customer data to an Amazon S3 bucket. The company uses server-side encryption with AWS KMS keys (SSE-KMS) to encrypt the bucket. The dataset includes personally identifiable information (PII) such as social security numbers and account details.
Data that is tagged as PII must be masked before the company uses customer data for analysis. Some users must have secure access to the PII data during the preprocessing phase. The company needs a low-maintenance solution to mask and secure the PII data throughout the entire engineering pipeline.
Which combination of solutions will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
- A . Use AWS Glue DataBrew to perform extract, transform, and load (ETL) tasks that mask the PII data before analysis.
- B . Use Amazon GuardDuty to monitor access patterns for the PII data that is used in the engineering pipeline.
- C . Configure an Amazon Made discovery job for the S3 bucket.
- D . Use AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) to manage permissions and to control access to the PII data.
- E . Write custom scripts in an application to mask the PII data and to control access.
Correct Answer: A,D
A,D
Explanation:
To address the requirement of masking PII data and ensuring secure access throughout the data pipeline, the combination of AWS Glue DataBrew and IAM provides a low-maintenance solution.
A,D
Explanation:
To address the requirement of masking PII data and ensuring secure access throughout the data pipeline, the combination of AWS Glue DataBrew and IAM provides a low-maintenance solution.
Question #52
A company is developing an application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances. Currently, the data that the application generates is temporary. However, the company needs to persist the data, even if the EC2 instances are terminated.
A data engineer must launch new EC2 instances from an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) and configure the instances to preserve the data.
Which solution will meet this requirement?
- A . Launch new EC2 instances by using an AMI that is backed by an EC2 instance store volume that contains the application data. Apply the default settings to the EC2 instances.
- B . Launch new EC2 instances by using an AMI that is backed by a root Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume that contains the application data. Apply the default settings to the EC2 instances.
- C . Launch new EC2 instances by using an AMI that is backed by an EC2 instance store volume. Attach an Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume to contain the application data. Apply the default settings to the EC2 instances.
- D . Launch new EC2 instances by using an AMI that is backed by an Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume. Attach an additional EC2 instance store volume to contain the application data. Apply the default settings to the EC2 instances.
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
Amazon EC2 instances can use two types of storage volumes: instance store volumes and Amazon EBS volumes. Instance store volumes are ephemeral, meaning they are only attached to the instance for the duration of its life cycle. If the instance is stopped, terminated, or fails, the data on the instance store volume is lost. Amazon EBS volumes are persistent, meaning they can be detached from the instance and attached to another instance, and the data on the volume is preserved. To meet the requirement of persisting the data even if the EC2 instances are terminated, the data engineer must use Amazon EBS volumes to store the application data. The solution is to launch new EC2 instances by using an AMI that is backed by an EC2 instance store volume, which is the default option for most AMIs. Then, the data engineer must attach an Amazon EBS volume to each instance and configure the application to write the data to the EBS volume. This way, the data will be saved on the EBS volume and can be accessed by another instance if needed. The data engineer can apply the default settings to the EC2 instances, as there is no need to modify the instance type, security group, or IAM role for this solution. The other options are either not feasible or not optimal. Launching new EC2 instances by using an AMI that is backed by an EC2 instance store volume that contains the application data (option A) or by using an AMI that is backed by a root Amazon EBS volume that contains the application data (option B) would not work, as the data on the AMI would be outdated and overwritten by the new instances. Attaching an additional EC2 instance store volume to contain the application data (option D) would not work, as the data on the instance store volume would be lost if the instance is terminated.
Reference: Amazon EC2 Instance Store
Amazon EBS Volumes
AWS Certified Data Engineer – Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 2: Data Store Management, Section 2.1: Amazon EC2
C
Explanation:
Amazon EC2 instances can use two types of storage volumes: instance store volumes and Amazon EBS volumes. Instance store volumes are ephemeral, meaning they are only attached to the instance for the duration of its life cycle. If the instance is stopped, terminated, or fails, the data on the instance store volume is lost. Amazon EBS volumes are persistent, meaning they can be detached from the instance and attached to another instance, and the data on the volume is preserved. To meet the requirement of persisting the data even if the EC2 instances are terminated, the data engineer must use Amazon EBS volumes to store the application data. The solution is to launch new EC2 instances by using an AMI that is backed by an EC2 instance store volume, which is the default option for most AMIs. Then, the data engineer must attach an Amazon EBS volume to each instance and configure the application to write the data to the EBS volume. This way, the data will be saved on the EBS volume and can be accessed by another instance if needed. The data engineer can apply the default settings to the EC2 instances, as there is no need to modify the instance type, security group, or IAM role for this solution. The other options are either not feasible or not optimal. Launching new EC2 instances by using an AMI that is backed by an EC2 instance store volume that contains the application data (option A) or by using an AMI that is backed by a root Amazon EBS volume that contains the application data (option B) would not work, as the data on the AMI would be outdated and overwritten by the new instances. Attaching an additional EC2 instance store volume to contain the application data (option D) would not work, as the data on the instance store volume would be lost if the instance is terminated.
Reference: Amazon EC2 Instance Store
Amazon EBS Volumes
AWS Certified Data Engineer – Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 2: Data Store Management, Section 2.1: Amazon EC2
Question #53
A company stores sensitive transaction data in an Amazon S3 bucket. A data engineer must implement controls to prevent accidental deletions.
- A . Enable versioning on the S3 bucket and configure MFA delete.
- B . Configure an S3 bucket policy rule that denies the creation of S3 delete markers.
- C . Create an S3 Lifecycle rule that moves deleted files to S3 Glacier Deep Archive.
- D . Set up AWS Config remediation actions to prevent users from deleting S3 objects.
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
Versioning with MFA Delete protects against accidental or malicious deletions by requiring multi-factor authentication to permanently remove objects or versions.
“To protect data from accidental deletion, enable S3 Versioning and MFA Delete, which requires MFA for object deletions and prevents unintentional loss.”
C Ace the AWS Certified Data Engineer – Associate Certification – version 2 – apple.pdf This is the AWS best practice for securing critical S3 data.
A
Explanation:
Versioning with MFA Delete protects against accidental or malicious deletions by requiring multi-factor authentication to permanently remove objects or versions.
“To protect data from accidental deletion, enable S3 Versioning and MFA Delete, which requires MFA for object deletions and prevents unintentional loss.”
C Ace the AWS Certified Data Engineer – Associate Certification – version 2 – apple.pdf This is the AWS best practice for securing critical S3 data.
Question #54
A security company stores IoT data that is in JSON format in an Amazon S3 bucket. The data structure can change when the company upgrades the IoT devices. The company wants to create a data catalog that includes the IoT data. The company’s analytics department will use the data catalog to index the data.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
- A . Create an AWS Glue Data Catalog. Configure an AWS Glue Schema Registry. Create a new AWS Glue workload to orchestrate the ingestion of the data that the analytics department will use into Amazon Redshift Serverless.
- B . Create an Amazon Redshift provisioned cluster. Create an Amazon Redshift Spectrum database for the analytics department to explore the data that is in Amazon S3. Create Redshift stored procedures to load the data into Amazon Redshift.
- C . Create an Amazon Athena workgroup. Explore the data that is in Amazon S3 by using Apache Spark through Athena. Provide the Athena workgroup schema and tables to the analytics department.
- D . Create an AWS Glue Data Catalog. Configure an AWS Glue Schema Registry. Create AWS Lambda user defined functions (UDFs) by using the Amazon Redshift Data API. Create an AWS Step Functions job to orchestrate the ingestion of the data that the analytics department will use into Amazon Redshift Serverless.
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
The best solution to meet the requirements of creating a data catalog that includes the IoT data, and allowing the analytics department to index the data, most cost-effectively, is to create an Amazon Athena workgroup, explore the data that is in Amazon S3 by using Apache Spark through Athena, and provide the Athena workgroup schema and tables to the analytics department.
Amazon Athena is a serverless, interactive query service that makes it easy to analyze data directly in Amazon S3 using standard SQL or Python1. Amazon Athena also supports Apache Spark, an open-source distributed processing framework that can run large-scale data analytics applications across clusters of servers2. You can use Athena to run Spark code on data in Amazon S3 without having to set up, manage, or scale any infrastructure. You can also use Athena to create and manage external tables that point to your data in Amazon S3, and store them in an external data catalog, such as AWS Glue Data Catalog, Amazon Athena Data Catalog, or your own Apache Hive metastore3. You can create Athena workgroups to separate query execution and resource allocation based on different criteria, such as users, teams, or applications4. You can share the schemas and tables in your Athena workgroup with other users or applications, such as Amazon QuickSight, for data visualization and analysis5.
Using Athena and Spark to create a data catalog and explore the IoT data in Amazon S3 is the most cost-effective solution, as you pay only for the queries you run or the compute you use, and you pay nothing when the service is idle1. You also save on the operational overhead and complexity of managing data warehouse infrastructure, as Athena and Spark are serverless and scalable. You can also benefit from the flexibility and performance of Athena and Spark, as they support various data formats, including JSON, and can handle schema changes and complex queries efficiently.
Option A is not the best solution, as creating an AWS Glue Data Catalog, configuring an AWS Glue Schema Registry, creating a new AWS Glue workload to orchestrate the ingestion of the data that the analytics department will use into Amazon Redshift Serverless, would incur more costs and complexity than using Athena and Spark. AWS Glue Data Catalog is a persistent metadata store that contains table definitions, job definitions, and other control information to help you manage your AWS Glue components6. AWS Glue Schema Registry is a service that allows you to centrally store and manage the schemas of your streaming data in AWS Glue Data Catalog7. AWS Glue is a serverless data integration service that makes it easy to prepare, clean, enrich, and move data between data stores8. Amazon Redshift Serverless is a feature of Amazon Redshift, a fully managed data warehouse service, that allows you to run and scale analytics without having to manage data warehouse infrastructure9. While these services are powerful and useful for many data engineering scenarios, they are not necessary or cost-effective for creating a data catalog and indexing the IoT data in Amazon S3. AWS Glue Data Catalog and Schema Registry charge you based on the number of objects stored and the number of requests made67. AWS Glue charges you based on the compute time and the data processed by your ETL jobs8. Amazon Redshift Serverless charges you based on the amount of data scanned by your queries and the compute time used by your workloads9. These costs can add up quickly, especially if you have large volumes of IoT data and frequent schema changes. Moreover, using AWS Glue and Amazon Redshift Serverless would introduce additional latency and complexity, as you would have to ingest the data from Amazon S3 to Amazon Redshift Serverless, and then query it from there, instead of querying it directly from Amazon S3 using Athena and Spark.
Option B is not the best solution, as creating an Amazon Redshift provisioned cluster, creating an Amazon Redshift Spectrum database for the analytics department to explore the data that is in Amazon S3, and creating Redshift stored procedures to load the data into Amazon Redshift, would incur more costs and complexity than using Athena and Spark. Amazon Redshift provisioned clusters are clusters that you create and manage by specifying the number and type of nodes, and the amount of storage and compute capacity10. Amazon Redshift Spectrum is a feature of Amazon Redshift that allows you to query and join data across your data warehouse and your data lake using standard SQL11. Redshift stored procedures are SQL statements that you can define and store in Amazon Redshift, and then call them by using the CALL command12. While these features are powerful and useful for many data warehousing scenarios, they are not necessary or cost-effective for creating a data catalog and indexing the IoT data in Amazon S3. Amazon Redshift provisioned clusters charge you based on the node type, the number of nodes, and the duration of the cluster10. Amazon Redshift Spectrum charges you based on the amount of data scanned by your queries11. These costs can add up quickly, especially if you have large volumes of IoT data and frequent schema changes. Moreover, using Amazon Redshift provisioned clusters and Spectrum would introduce additional latency and complexity, as you would have to provision and manage the cluster, create an external schema and database for the data in Amazon S3, and load the data into the cluster using stored procedures, instead of querying it directly from Amazon S3 using Athena and Spark.
Option D is not the best solution, as creating an AWS Glue Data Catalog, configuring an AWS Glue Schema Registry, creating AWS Lambda user defined functions (UDFs) by using the Amazon Redshift Data API, and creating an AWS Step Functions job to orchestrate the ingestion of the data that the analytics department will use into Amazon Redshift Serverless, would incur more costs and complexity than using Athena and Spark. AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers13. AWS Lambda UDFs are Lambda functions that you can invoke from within an Amazon Redshift query. Amazon Redshift Data API is a service that allows you to run SQL statements on Amazon Redshift clusters using HTTP requests, without needing a persistent connection. AWS Step Functions is a service that lets you coordinate multiple AWS services into serverless workflows. While these services are powerful and useful for many data engineering scenarios, they are not necessary or cost-effective for creating a data catalog and indexing the IoT data in Amazon S3. AWS Glue Data Catalog and Schema Registry charge you based on the number of objects stored and the number of requests made67. AWS Lambda charges you based on the number of requests and the duration of your functions13. Amazon Redshift Serverless charges you based on the amount of data scanned by your queries and the compute time used by your workloads9. AWS Step Functions charges you based on the number of state transitions in your workflows. These costs can add up quickly, especially if you have large volumes of IoT data and frequent schema changes. Moreover, using AWS Glue, AWS Lambda, Amazon Redshift Data API, and AWS Step Functions would introduce additional latency and complexity, as you would have to create and invoke Lambda functions to ingest the data from Amazon S3 to Amazon Redshift Serverless using the Data API, and coordinate the ingestion process using Step Functions, instead of querying it directly from Amazon S3 using Athena and Spark.
Reference: What is Amazon Athena?
Apache Spark on Amazon Athena
Creating tables, updating the schema, and adding new partitions in the Data Catalog from AWS Glue ETL jobs
Managing Athena workgroups
Using Amazon QuickSight to visualize data in Amazon Athena
AWS Glue Data Catalog
AWS Glue Schema Registry
What is AWS Glue?
Amazon Redshift Serverless
Amazon Redshift provisioned clusters
Querying external data using Amazon Redshift Spectrum
Using stored procedures in Amazon Redshift
What is AWS Lambda?
[Creating and using AWS Lambda UDFs]
[Using the Amazon Redshift Data API]
[What is AWS Step Functions?]
AWS Certified Data Engineer – Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide
C
Explanation:
The best solution to meet the requirements of creating a data catalog that includes the IoT data, and allowing the analytics department to index the data, most cost-effectively, is to create an Amazon Athena workgroup, explore the data that is in Amazon S3 by using Apache Spark through Athena, and provide the Athena workgroup schema and tables to the analytics department.
Amazon Athena is a serverless, interactive query service that makes it easy to analyze data directly in Amazon S3 using standard SQL or Python1. Amazon Athena also supports Apache Spark, an open-source distributed processing framework that can run large-scale data analytics applications across clusters of servers2. You can use Athena to run Spark code on data in Amazon S3 without having to set up, manage, or scale any infrastructure. You can also use Athena to create and manage external tables that point to your data in Amazon S3, and store them in an external data catalog, such as AWS Glue Data Catalog, Amazon Athena Data Catalog, or your own Apache Hive metastore3. You can create Athena workgroups to separate query execution and resource allocation based on different criteria, such as users, teams, or applications4. You can share the schemas and tables in your Athena workgroup with other users or applications, such as Amazon QuickSight, for data visualization and analysis5.
Using Athena and Spark to create a data catalog and explore the IoT data in Amazon S3 is the most cost-effective solution, as you pay only for the queries you run or the compute you use, and you pay nothing when the service is idle1. You also save on the operational overhead and complexity of managing data warehouse infrastructure, as Athena and Spark are serverless and scalable. You can also benefit from the flexibility and performance of Athena and Spark, as they support various data formats, including JSON, and can handle schema changes and complex queries efficiently.
Option A is not the best solution, as creating an AWS Glue Data Catalog, configuring an AWS Glue Schema Registry, creating a new AWS Glue workload to orchestrate the ingestion of the data that the analytics department will use into Amazon Redshift Serverless, would incur more costs and complexity than using Athena and Spark. AWS Glue Data Catalog is a persistent metadata store that contains table definitions, job definitions, and other control information to help you manage your AWS Glue components6. AWS Glue Schema Registry is a service that allows you to centrally store and manage the schemas of your streaming data in AWS Glue Data Catalog7. AWS Glue is a serverless data integration service that makes it easy to prepare, clean, enrich, and move data between data stores8. Amazon Redshift Serverless is a feature of Amazon Redshift, a fully managed data warehouse service, that allows you to run and scale analytics without having to manage data warehouse infrastructure9. While these services are powerful and useful for many data engineering scenarios, they are not necessary or cost-effective for creating a data catalog and indexing the IoT data in Amazon S3. AWS Glue Data Catalog and Schema Registry charge you based on the number of objects stored and the number of requests made67. AWS Glue charges you based on the compute time and the data processed by your ETL jobs8. Amazon Redshift Serverless charges you based on the amount of data scanned by your queries and the compute time used by your workloads9. These costs can add up quickly, especially if you have large volumes of IoT data and frequent schema changes. Moreover, using AWS Glue and Amazon Redshift Serverless would introduce additional latency and complexity, as you would have to ingest the data from Amazon S3 to Amazon Redshift Serverless, and then query it from there, instead of querying it directly from Amazon S3 using Athena and Spark.
Option B is not the best solution, as creating an Amazon Redshift provisioned cluster, creating an Amazon Redshift Spectrum database for the analytics department to explore the data that is in Amazon S3, and creating Redshift stored procedures to load the data into Amazon Redshift, would incur more costs and complexity than using Athena and Spark. Amazon Redshift provisioned clusters are clusters that you create and manage by specifying the number and type of nodes, and the amount of storage and compute capacity10. Amazon Redshift Spectrum is a feature of Amazon Redshift that allows you to query and join data across your data warehouse and your data lake using standard SQL11. Redshift stored procedures are SQL statements that you can define and store in Amazon Redshift, and then call them by using the CALL command12. While these features are powerful and useful for many data warehousing scenarios, they are not necessary or cost-effective for creating a data catalog and indexing the IoT data in Amazon S3. Amazon Redshift provisioned clusters charge you based on the node type, the number of nodes, and the duration of the cluster10. Amazon Redshift Spectrum charges you based on the amount of data scanned by your queries11. These costs can add up quickly, especially if you have large volumes of IoT data and frequent schema changes. Moreover, using Amazon Redshift provisioned clusters and Spectrum would introduce additional latency and complexity, as you would have to provision and manage the cluster, create an external schema and database for the data in Amazon S3, and load the data into the cluster using stored procedures, instead of querying it directly from Amazon S3 using Athena and Spark.
Option D is not the best solution, as creating an AWS Glue Data Catalog, configuring an AWS Glue Schema Registry, creating AWS Lambda user defined functions (UDFs) by using the Amazon Redshift Data API, and creating an AWS Step Functions job to orchestrate the ingestion of the data that the analytics department will use into Amazon Redshift Serverless, would incur more costs and complexity than using Athena and Spark. AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers13. AWS Lambda UDFs are Lambda functions that you can invoke from within an Amazon Redshift query. Amazon Redshift Data API is a service that allows you to run SQL statements on Amazon Redshift clusters using HTTP requests, without needing a persistent connection. AWS Step Functions is a service that lets you coordinate multiple AWS services into serverless workflows. While these services are powerful and useful for many data engineering scenarios, they are not necessary or cost-effective for creating a data catalog and indexing the IoT data in Amazon S3. AWS Glue Data Catalog and Schema Registry charge you based on the number of objects stored and the number of requests made67. AWS Lambda charges you based on the number of requests and the duration of your functions13. Amazon Redshift Serverless charges you based on the amount of data scanned by your queries and the compute time used by your workloads9. AWS Step Functions charges you based on the number of state transitions in your workflows. These costs can add up quickly, especially if you have large volumes of IoT data and frequent schema changes. Moreover, using AWS Glue, AWS Lambda, Amazon Redshift Data API, and AWS Step Functions would introduce additional latency and complexity, as you would have to create and invoke Lambda functions to ingest the data from Amazon S3 to Amazon Redshift Serverless using the Data API, and coordinate the ingestion process using Step Functions, instead of querying it directly from Amazon S3 using Athena and Spark.
Reference: What is Amazon Athena?
Apache Spark on Amazon Athena
Creating tables, updating the schema, and adding new partitions in the Data Catalog from AWS Glue ETL jobs
Managing Athena workgroups
Using Amazon QuickSight to visualize data in Amazon Athena
AWS Glue Data Catalog
AWS Glue Schema Registry
What is AWS Glue?
Amazon Redshift Serverless
Amazon Redshift provisioned clusters
Querying external data using Amazon Redshift Spectrum
Using stored procedures in Amazon Redshift
What is AWS Lambda?
[Creating and using AWS Lambda UDFs]
[Using the Amazon Redshift Data API]
[What is AWS Step Functions?]
AWS Certified Data Engineer – Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide
Question #55
A data engineer uses Amazon Redshift to run resource-intensive analytics processes once every month. Every month, the data engineer creates a new Redshift provisioned cluster. The data engineer deletes the Redshift provisioned cluster after the analytics processes are complete every month. Before the data engineer deletes the cluster each month, the data engineer unloads backup data from the cluster to an Amazon S3 bucket.
The data engineer needs a solution to run the monthly analytics processes that does not require the data engineer to manage the infrastructure manually.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
- A . Use Amazon Step Functions to pause the Redshift cluster when the analytics processes are complete and to resume the cluster to run new processes every month.
- B . Use Amazon Redshift Serverless to automatically process the analytics workload.
- C . Use the AWS CLI to automatically process the analytics workload.
- D . Use AWS CloudFormation templates to automatically process the analytics workload.
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
Amazon Redshift Serverless is a new feature of Amazon Redshift that enables you to run SQL queries on data in Amazon S3 without provisioning or managing any clusters. You can use Amazon Redshift Serverless to automatically process the analytics workload, as it scales up and down the compute resources based on the query demand, and charges you only for the resources consumed. This solution will meet the requirements with the least operational overhead, as it does not require the data engineer to create, delete, pause, or resume any Redshift clusters, or to manage any infrastructure manually. You can use the Amazon Redshift Data API to run queries from the AWS CLI, AWS SDK, or AWS Lambda functions12.
The other options are not optimal for the following reasons:
B
Explanation:
Amazon Redshift Serverless is a new feature of Amazon Redshift that enables you to run SQL queries on data in Amazon S3 without provisioning or managing any clusters. You can use Amazon Redshift Serverless to automatically process the analytics workload, as it scales up and down the compute resources based on the query demand, and charges you only for the resources consumed. This solution will meet the requirements with the least operational overhead, as it does not require the data engineer to create, delete, pause, or resume any Redshift clusters, or to manage any infrastructure manually. You can use the Amazon Redshift Data API to run queries from the AWS CLI, AWS SDK, or AWS Lambda functions12.
The other options are not optimal for the following reasons:
Question #56
A company is using Amazon Redshift to build a data warehouse solution. The company is loading hundreds of tiles into a tact table that is in a Redshift cluster.
The company wants the data warehouse solution to achieve the greatest possible throughput. The solution must use cluster resources optimally when the company loads data into the tact table.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
- A . Use multiple COPY commands to load the data into the Redshift cluster.
- B . Use S3DistCp to load multiple files into Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). Use an HDFS connector to ingest the data into the Redshift cluster.
- C . Use a number of INSERT statements equal to the number of Redshift cluster nodes. Load the data in parallel into each node.
- D . Use a single COPY command to load the data into the Redshift cluster.
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
To achieve the highest throughput and efficiently use cluster resources while loading data into an Amazon Redshift cluster, the optimal approach is to use a single COPY command that ingests data in parallel.
Option D: Use a single COPY command to load the data into the Redshift cluster. The COPY command is designed to load data from multiple files in parallel into a Redshift table, using all the cluster nodes to optimize the load process. Redshift is optimized for parallel processing, and a single COPY command can load multiple files at once, maximizing throughput.
Options A, B, and C either involve unnecessary complexity or inefficient approaches, such as using multiple COPY commands or INSERT statements, which are not optimized for bulk loading.
Reference: Amazon Redshift COPY Command Documentation
D
Explanation:
To achieve the highest throughput and efficiently use cluster resources while loading data into an Amazon Redshift cluster, the optimal approach is to use a single COPY command that ingests data in parallel.
Option D: Use a single COPY command to load the data into the Redshift cluster. The COPY command is designed to load data from multiple files in parallel into a Redshift table, using all the cluster nodes to optimize the load process. Redshift is optimized for parallel processing, and a single COPY command can load multiple files at once, maximizing throughput.
Options A, B, and C either involve unnecessary complexity or inefficient approaches, such as using multiple COPY commands or INSERT statements, which are not optimized for bulk loading.
Reference: Amazon Redshift COPY Command Documentation
Question #57
The company stores a large volume of customer records in Amazon S3. To comply with regulations, the company must be able to access new customer records immediately for the first 30 days after the records are created. The company accesses records that are older than 30 days infrequently.
The company needs to cost-optimize its Amazon S3 storage.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
- A . Apply a lifecycle policy to transition records to S3 Standard Infrequent-Access (S3 Standard-IA) storage after 30 days.
- B . Use S3 Intelligent-Tiering storage.
- C . Transition records to S3 Glacier Deep Archive storage after 30 days.
- D . Use S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) storage for all customer records.
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
The most cost-effective solution in this case is to apply a lifecycle policy to transition records to
Amazon S3 Standard-IA storage after 30 days.
Here’s why:
Amazon S3 Lifecycle Policies: Amazon S3 offers lifecycle policies that allow you to automatically transition objects between different storage classes to optimize costs. For data that is frequently accessed in the first 30 days and infrequently accessed after that, transitioning from the S3 Standard storage class to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) after 30 days makes the most sense. S3 Standard-IA is designed for data that is accessed less frequently but still needs to be retained, offering lower storage costs than S3 Standard with a retrieval cost for access.
Cost Optimization: S3 Standard-IA offers a lower price per GB than S3 Standard. Since the data will be accessed infrequently after 30 days, using S3 Standard-IA will lower storage costs while still allowing for immediate retrieval when necessary.
Compliance with Regulations: Since the records need to be immediately accessible for the first 30 days, the use of S3 Standard for that period ensures compliance with regulatory requirements. After 30 days, transitioning to S3 Standard-IA continues to meet access requirements for infrequent access while reducing storage costs.
Alternatives Considered:
Option B (S3 Intelligent-Tiering): While S3 Intelligent-Tiering automatically moves data between access tiers based on access patterns, it incurs a small monthly monitoring and automation charge per object. It could be a viable option, but transitioning data to S3 Standard-IA directly would be more cost-effective since the pattern of access is well-known (frequent for 30 days, infrequent thereafter).
Option C (S3 Glacier Deep Archive): Glacier Deep Archive is the lowest-cost storage class, but it is not suitable in this case because the data needs to be accessed immediately within 30 days and on an infrequent basis thereafter. Glacier Deep Archive requires hours for data retrieval, which is not acceptable for infrequent access needs.
Option D (S3 Standard-IA for all records): Using S3 Standard-IA for all records would result in higher costs for the first 30 days, as the data is frequently accessed. S3 Standard-IA incurs retrieval charges, making it less suitable for frequently accessed data.
Amazon S3 Lifecycle Policies
S3 Storage Classes
Cost Management and Data Optimization Using Lifecycle Policies
AWS Data Engineering Documentation
A
Explanation:
The most cost-effective solution in this case is to apply a lifecycle policy to transition records to
Amazon S3 Standard-IA storage after 30 days.
Here’s why:
Amazon S3 Lifecycle Policies: Amazon S3 offers lifecycle policies that allow you to automatically transition objects between different storage classes to optimize costs. For data that is frequently accessed in the first 30 days and infrequently accessed after that, transitioning from the S3 Standard storage class to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) after 30 days makes the most sense. S3 Standard-IA is designed for data that is accessed less frequently but still needs to be retained, offering lower storage costs than S3 Standard with a retrieval cost for access.
Cost Optimization: S3 Standard-IA offers a lower price per GB than S3 Standard. Since the data will be accessed infrequently after 30 days, using S3 Standard-IA will lower storage costs while still allowing for immediate retrieval when necessary.
Compliance with Regulations: Since the records need to be immediately accessible for the first 30 days, the use of S3 Standard for that period ensures compliance with regulatory requirements. After 30 days, transitioning to S3 Standard-IA continues to meet access requirements for infrequent access while reducing storage costs.
Alternatives Considered:
Option B (S3 Intelligent-Tiering): While S3 Intelligent-Tiering automatically moves data between access tiers based on access patterns, it incurs a small monthly monitoring and automation charge per object. It could be a viable option, but transitioning data to S3 Standard-IA directly would be more cost-effective since the pattern of access is well-known (frequent for 30 days, infrequent thereafter).
Option C (S3 Glacier Deep Archive): Glacier Deep Archive is the lowest-cost storage class, but it is not suitable in this case because the data needs to be accessed immediately within 30 days and on an infrequent basis thereafter. Glacier Deep Archive requires hours for data retrieval, which is not acceptable for infrequent access needs.
Option D (S3 Standard-IA for all records): Using S3 Standard-IA for all records would result in higher costs for the first 30 days, as the data is frequently accessed. S3 Standard-IA incurs retrieval charges, making it less suitable for frequently accessed data.
Amazon S3 Lifecycle Policies
S3 Storage Classes
Cost Management and Data Optimization Using Lifecycle Policies
AWS Data Engineering Documentation
Question #58
A company receives a data file from a partner each day in an Amazon S3 bucket. The company uses a daily AW5 Glue extract, transform, and load (ETL) pipeline to clean and transform each data file. The output of the ETL pipeline is written to a CSV file named Dairy.csv in a second 53 bucket.
Occasionally, the daily data file is empty or is missing values for required fields. When the file is missing data, the company can use the previous day’s CSV file.
A data engineer needs to ensure that the previous day’s data file is overwritten only if the new daily file is complete and valid.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST effort?
- A . Invoke an AWS Lambda function to check the file for missing data and to fill in missing values in required fields.
- B . Configure the AWS Glue ETL pipeline to use AWS Glue Data Quality rules. Develop rules in Data Quality Definition Language (DQDL) to check for missing values in required files and empty files.
- C . Use AWS Glue Studio to change the code in the ETL pipeline to fill in any missing values in the required fields with the most common values for each field.
- D . Run a SQL query in Amazon Athena to read the CSV file and drop missing rows. Copy the corrected CSV file to the second S3 bucket.
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
Problem Analysis:
The company runs a daily AWS Glue ETL pipeline to clean and transform files received in an S3 bucket.
If a file is incomplete or empty, the previous day’s file should be retained.
Need a solution to validate files before overwriting the existing file.
Key Considerations:
Automate data validation with minimal human intervention. Use built-in AWS Glue capabilities for ease of integration. Ensure robust validation for missing or incomplete data. Solution Analysis:
Option A: Lambda Function for Validation
Lambda can validate files, but it would require custom code.
Does not leverage AWS Glue’s built-in features, adding operational complexity.
Option B: AWS Glue Data Quality Rules
AWS Glue Data Quality allows defining Data Quality Definition Language (DQDL) rules.
Rules can validate if required fields are missing or if the file is empty.
Automatically integrates into the existing ETL pipeline.
If validation fails, retain the previous day’s file.
Option C: AWS Glue Studio with Filling Missing Values
Modifying ETL code to fill missing values with most common values risks introducing inaccuracies.
Does not handle empty files effectively.
Option D: Athena Query for Validation
Athena can drop rows with missing values, but this is a post-hoc solution.
Requires manual intervention to copy the corrected file to S3, increasing complexity.
Final Recommendation:
Use AWS Glue Data Quality to define validation rules in DQDL for identifying missing or incomplete data.
This solution integrates seamlessly with the ETL pipeline and minimizes manual effort.
Implementation Steps:
Enable AWS Glue Data Quality in the existing ETL pipeline.
Define DQDL Rules, such as:
Check if a file is empty.
Verify required fields are present and non-null.
Configure the pipeline to proceed with overwriting only if the file passes validation.
In case of failure, retain the previous day’s file.
AWS Glue Data Quality Overview
Defining DQDL Rules
AWS Glue Studio Documentation
B
Explanation:
Problem Analysis:
The company runs a daily AWS Glue ETL pipeline to clean and transform files received in an S3 bucket.
If a file is incomplete or empty, the previous day’s file should be retained.
Need a solution to validate files before overwriting the existing file.
Key Considerations:
Automate data validation with minimal human intervention. Use built-in AWS Glue capabilities for ease of integration. Ensure robust validation for missing or incomplete data. Solution Analysis:
Option A: Lambda Function for Validation
Lambda can validate files, but it would require custom code.
Does not leverage AWS Glue’s built-in features, adding operational complexity.
Option B: AWS Glue Data Quality Rules
AWS Glue Data Quality allows defining Data Quality Definition Language (DQDL) rules.
Rules can validate if required fields are missing or if the file is empty.
Automatically integrates into the existing ETL pipeline.
If validation fails, retain the previous day’s file.
Option C: AWS Glue Studio with Filling Missing Values
Modifying ETL code to fill missing values with most common values risks introducing inaccuracies.
Does not handle empty files effectively.
Option D: Athena Query for Validation
Athena can drop rows with missing values, but this is a post-hoc solution.
Requires manual intervention to copy the corrected file to S3, increasing complexity.
Final Recommendation:
Use AWS Glue Data Quality to define validation rules in DQDL for identifying missing or incomplete data.
This solution integrates seamlessly with the ETL pipeline and minimizes manual effort.
Implementation Steps:
Enable AWS Glue Data Quality in the existing ETL pipeline.
Define DQDL Rules, such as:
Check if a file is empty.
Verify required fields are present and non-null.
Configure the pipeline to proceed with overwriting only if the file passes validation.
In case of failure, retain the previous day’s file.
AWS Glue Data Quality Overview
Defining DQDL Rules
AWS Glue Studio Documentation
Question #59
A company’s data engineer needs to optimize the performance of table SQL queries. The company stores data in an Amazon Redshift cluster. The data engineer cannot increase the size of the cluster because of budget constraints.
The company stores the data in multiple tables and loads the data by using the EVEN distribution style. Some tables are hundreds of gigabytes in size. Other tables are less than 10 MB in size.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
- A . Keep using the EVEN distribution style for all tables. Specify primary and foreign keys for all tables.
- B . Use the ALL distribution style for large tables. Specify primary and foreign keys for all tables.
- C . Use the ALL distribution style for rarely updated small tables. Specify primary and foreign keys for all tables.
- D . Specify a combination of distribution, sort, and partition keys for all tables.
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
This solution meets the requirements of optimizing the performance of table SQL queries without increasing the size of the cluster. By using the ALL distribution style for rarely updated small tables, you can ensure that the entire table is copied to every node in the cluster, which eliminates the need for data redistribution during joins. This can improve query performance significantly, especially for frequently joined dimension tables. However, using the ALL distribution style also increases the storage space and the load time, so it is only suitable for small tables that are not updated frequently or extensively. By specifying primary and foreign keys for all tables, you can help the query optimizer to generate better query plans and avoid unnecessary scans or joins. You can also use the AUTO distribution style to let Amazon Redshift choose the optimal distribution style based on the table size and the query patterns.
Reference: Choose the best distribution style
Distribution styles
Working with data distribution styles
D
Explanation:
This solution meets the requirements of optimizing the performance of table SQL queries without increasing the size of the cluster. By using the ALL distribution style for rarely updated small tables, you can ensure that the entire table is copied to every node in the cluster, which eliminates the need for data redistribution during joins. This can improve query performance significantly, especially for frequently joined dimension tables. However, using the ALL distribution style also increases the storage space and the load time, so it is only suitable for small tables that are not updated frequently or extensively. By specifying primary and foreign keys for all tables, you can help the query optimizer to generate better query plans and avoid unnecessary scans or joins. You can also use the AUTO distribution style to let Amazon Redshift choose the optimal distribution style based on the table size and the query patterns.
Reference: Choose the best distribution style
Distribution styles
Working with data distribution styles
Question #60
A company is setting up a data pipeline in AWS. The pipeline extracts client data from Amazon S3 buckets, performs quality checks, and transforms the data. The pipeline stores the processed data in a relational database. The company will use the processed data for future queries.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
- A . Use AWS Glue ETL to extract the data from the S3 buckets and perform the transformations. Use AWS Glue Data Quality to enforce suggested quality rules. Load the data and the quality check results into an Amazon RDS for MySQL instance.
- B . Use AWS Glue Studio to extract the data from the S3 buckets. Use AWS Glue DataBrew to perform the transformations and quality checks. Load the processed data into an Amazon RDS for MySQL instance. Load the quality check results into a new S3 bucket.
- C . Use AWS Glue ETL to extract the data from the S3 buckets and perform the transformations. Use AWS Glue DataBrew to perform quality checks. Load the processed data and the quality check results into a new S3 bucket.
- D . Use AWS Glue Studio to extract the data from the S3 buckets. Use AWS Glue DataBrew to perform the transformations and quality checks. Load the processed data and quality check results into an Amazon RDS for MySQL instance.
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
AWS Glue ETL is designed for scalable and serverless data processing, and it supports integrated quality enforcement using AWS Glue Data Quality, which makes it the most cost-effective and integrated option when combined with Amazon RDS for MySQL as the relational database.
“AWS Glue can perform data validation as part of the ETL process, ensuring data quality before storing the data in the target data store.”
C Ace the AWS Certified Data Engineer – Associate Certification – version 2 – apple.pdf
Using AWS Glue Data Quality directly in the ETL workflow is simpler and more cost-effective than separating transformation (Glue) and validation (DataBrew) into different services.
A
Explanation:
AWS Glue ETL is designed for scalable and serverless data processing, and it supports integrated quality enforcement using AWS Glue Data Quality, which makes it the most cost-effective and integrated option when combined with Amazon RDS for MySQL as the relational database.
“AWS Glue can perform data validation as part of the ETL process, ensuring data quality before storing the data in the target data store.”
C Ace the AWS Certified Data Engineer – Associate Certification – version 2 – apple.pdf
Using AWS Glue Data Quality directly in the ETL workflow is simpler and more cost-effective than separating transformation (Glue) and validation (DataBrew) into different services.