Practice Free 2V0-13.25 Exam Online Questions
Question #11
Which design defines how to arrange and use components and features of the infrastructure to satisfy service dependencies and other relationships specified in the Conceptual Model?
- A . Physical Design
- B . High Availability Design
- C . Configuration Guide
- D . Logical Design
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
The Conceptual Model identifies high-level requirements, constraints, assumptions, and risks. The Logical Design translates those into how solution components (clusters, networks, storage, security zones, etc.) are structured to meet dependencies and requirements.
Physical Design comes after Logical Design and defines specific hardware, IP addresses, VLANs, etc.
High Availability Design is a subset of the logical/physical design focusing only on resiliency.
Configuration Guide is implementation-level documentation, not design.
Thus, the Logical Design defines how the infrastructure’s capabilities are arranged to satisfy conceptual dependencies.
Reference: VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0 C Architecture & Design Guide (Conceptual → Logical → Physical methodology).
D
Explanation:
The Conceptual Model identifies high-level requirements, constraints, assumptions, and risks. The Logical Design translates those into how solution components (clusters, networks, storage, security zones, etc.) are structured to meet dependencies and requirements.
Physical Design comes after Logical Design and defines specific hardware, IP addresses, VLANs, etc.
High Availability Design is a subset of the logical/physical design focusing only on resiliency.
Configuration Guide is implementation-level documentation, not design.
Thus, the Logical Design defines how the infrastructure’s capabilities are arranged to satisfy conceptual dependencies.
Reference: VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0 C Architecture & Design Guide (Conceptual → Logical → Physical methodology).
Question #12
A cloud architect is designing a VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) Automation solution for an organization.
The design must fulfill the following requirements:
The design must minimize provider infrastructure lifecycle tasks.
The design must minimize infrastructure management overhead.
Each tenant must have isolated compute infrastructure.
Which of the following deployment models best meets these requirements?
- A . Single VCF instance with dedicated Workload Domains per tenant
- B . Consolidated VCF deployment per tenant
- C . Dedicated VCF instances per tenant in a Standard Architecture
- D . Shared Workload Domain for tenants
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
A single VCF instance with dedicated Workload Domains per tenant strikes the balance between operational efficiency and isolation. It reduces lifecycle tasks since only one management domain must be maintained, while each tenant having a dedicated workload domain ensures isolation of compute resources. This meets all three stated requirements effectively: lifecycle simplicity, minimal overhead, and tenant-specific compute separation.
Reference: VMware Cloud Foundation Architecture and Design Guide C Multi-Tenant VCF Deployments and Workload Domains
A
Explanation:
A single VCF instance with dedicated Workload Domains per tenant strikes the balance between operational efficiency and isolation. It reduces lifecycle tasks since only one management domain must be maintained, while each tenant having a dedicated workload domain ensures isolation of compute resources. This meets all three stated requirements effectively: lifecycle simplicity, minimal overhead, and tenant-specific compute separation.
Reference: VMware Cloud Foundation Architecture and Design Guide C Multi-Tenant VCF Deployments and Workload Domains
Question #13
An organization is designing a VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) solution hosting a business-critical database.
The application owners specified the following requirements:
• All workload domains will use vSAN for storage.
• A maximum acceptable data loss of 5 minutes (Recovery Point Objective (RPO) 5 minutes).
• An automated failover in case of a site outage where Recovery Time Objective (RTO) should not exceed 30 minutes.
• The performance impact should be minimized.
Which design approach aligns with the application’s requirement?
- A . Configure backup-based recovery with backup jobs scheduler set to every 30 minutes.
- B . Use asynchronous replication with snapshots taken every 30 minutes to reduce storage impact.
- C . Use vSAN stretched cluster.
- D . Use synchronous replication on the storage array level.
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
According to the VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.2 Design Guide, a vSAN stretched cluster provides zero data loss (RPO = 0) and automated failover between two availability zones within the same region. It ensures continuous availability of workloads with minimal performance impact.
The guide specifies:
“Stretching a vSAN cluster automatically initiates VM restart and recovery and has a low recovery time for unplanned failures. The solution supports synchronous replication with a maximum inter-site latency of 5ms RTT.”
This design fully satisfies the RPO (≤5 minutes) and RTO (≤30 minutes) requirements while minimizing performance impact, as all writes are synchronously mirrored between sites.
In contrast:
Backup-based recovery (A) and asynchronous replication (B) cannot achieve RPO < 5 minutes.
Array-based synchronous replication (D) is not applicable to vSAN-only VCF environments and introduces additional complexity.
Therefore, the vSAN stretched cluster is the recommended and VMware-validated solution for meeting near-zero RPO/RTO and automated failover requirements in a business-critical VCF environment.
Reference (VMware Cloud Foundation documents):
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.2 Design Guide ― “Stretching vSAN Clusters Across Availability Zones.” (pp. 1039C1042)
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.1 Architecture Overview ― “Disaster Avoidance and Recovery with vSAN Stretched Clusters.” (pp. 290C292)
C
Explanation:
According to the VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.2 Design Guide, a vSAN stretched cluster provides zero data loss (RPO = 0) and automated failover between two availability zones within the same region. It ensures continuous availability of workloads with minimal performance impact.
The guide specifies:
“Stretching a vSAN cluster automatically initiates VM restart and recovery and has a low recovery time for unplanned failures. The solution supports synchronous replication with a maximum inter-site latency of 5ms RTT.”
This design fully satisfies the RPO (≤5 minutes) and RTO (≤30 minutes) requirements while minimizing performance impact, as all writes are synchronously mirrored between sites.
In contrast:
Backup-based recovery (A) and asynchronous replication (B) cannot achieve RPO < 5 minutes.
Array-based synchronous replication (D) is not applicable to vSAN-only VCF environments and introduces additional complexity.
Therefore, the vSAN stretched cluster is the recommended and VMware-validated solution for meeting near-zero RPO/RTO and automated failover requirements in a business-critical VCF environment.
Reference (VMware Cloud Foundation documents):
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.2 Design Guide ― “Stretching vSAN Clusters Across Availability Zones.” (pp. 1039C1042)
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.1 Architecture Overview ― “Disaster Avoidance and Recovery with vSAN Stretched Clusters.” (pp. 290C292)
Question #14
As part of the initial design workshop, one of the customer stakeholders has stated the following:
• All Virtual Machines must be encrypted.
How would the architect classify this statement?
- A . A Risk
- B . A Constraint
- C . A Requirement
- D . An Assumption
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
This is a requirement because it specifies what the solution must deliver. VMware encryption requires enabling VM Encryption with vSphere VM Encryption policies or vSAN encryption.
Constraints are design limitations (e.g., budget, existing hardware).
Risks are potential negative outcomes (e.g., encryption introduces CPU overhead).
Assumptions are unverified statements taken as true (e.g., "all VMs can support encryption").
Thus, “All VMs must be encrypted” is a security requirement.
Reference: VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0 Security and Compliance Design Guide C Encryption Requirements.
C
Explanation:
This is a requirement because it specifies what the solution must deliver. VMware encryption requires enabling VM Encryption with vSphere VM Encryption policies or vSAN encryption.
Constraints are design limitations (e.g., budget, existing hardware).
Risks are potential negative outcomes (e.g., encryption introduces CPU overhead).
Assumptions are unverified statements taken as true (e.g., "all VMs can support encryption").
Thus, “All VMs must be encrypted” is a security requirement.
Reference: VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0 Security and Compliance Design Guide C Encryption Requirements.
Question #15
Which statement defines the purpose of Technical Requirements?
- A . They define which goals and objectives can be achieved.
- B . They define what goals and objectives need to be achieved.
- C . They define which audience need to be involved.
- D . They define how the goals and objectives can be achieved.
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
According to the VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.1 Design Framework, Technical Requirements describe how the business and functional goals are to be implemented through technology, configuration, and design mechanisms.
The document defines:
“Technical requirements determine how a solution’s business and functional objectives are achieved using technical means such as architecture components, configurations, and integrations.”
These are distinct from business requirements, which define what must be achieved, and constraints, which limit design options. Technical requirements translate abstract needs (for example, availability, scalability, performance) into actionable design implementations (such as anti-affinity rules, distributed switches, NSX federation, or vSAN stretched clusters).
By following VMware’s VCF Design Methodology, architects use technical requirements to shape logical and physical architectures, ensuring that all solution components meet the identified business outcomes and compliance standards.
Reference (VMware Cloud Foundation documents):
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.1 Design and Architecture Guide ― Requirements Classification and Technical Requirements Definition (pp. 58C61).
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.2 Design Framework ― Business, Functional, and Technical Requirement Mapping to Design Decisions.
D
Explanation:
According to the VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.1 Design Framework, Technical Requirements describe how the business and functional goals are to be implemented through technology, configuration, and design mechanisms.
The document defines:
“Technical requirements determine how a solution’s business and functional objectives are achieved using technical means such as architecture components, configurations, and integrations.”
These are distinct from business requirements, which define what must be achieved, and constraints, which limit design options. Technical requirements translate abstract needs (for example, availability, scalability, performance) into actionable design implementations (such as anti-affinity rules, distributed switches, NSX federation, or vSAN stretched clusters).
By following VMware’s VCF Design Methodology, architects use technical requirements to shape logical and physical architectures, ensuring that all solution components meet the identified business outcomes and compliance standards.
Reference (VMware Cloud Foundation documents):
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.1 Design and Architecture Guide ― Requirements Classification and Technical Requirements Definition (pp. 58C61).
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.2 Design Framework ― Business, Functional, and Technical Requirement Mapping to Design Decisions.
Question #16
An architect is responsible for designing a new VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF)-based Private Cloud solution.
During the requirements gathering workshop with key customer stakeholders, the following information was captured:
The solution must support a yearly workload growth of up to 10%.
When creating the design document, which design quality should be used to classify the stated requirements?
- A . Performance
- B . Availability
- C . Manageability
- D . Security
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
The requirement specifying "yearly workload growth of up to 10%" relates directly to the system’s ability to handle increased demand over time, which falls under the design quality of Performance. Performance in VMware Cloud Foundation design includes considerations for scalability and the ability to sustain projected growth. This requirement addresses the system’s capacity to manage future workload expansion without degradation in service levels.
Reference: VMware Cloud Foundation Architecture and Design Guide 9.0 C Design Qualities Section:
Performance and Scalability
A
Explanation:
The requirement specifying "yearly workload growth of up to 10%" relates directly to the system’s ability to handle increased demand over time, which falls under the design quality of Performance. Performance in VMware Cloud Foundation design includes considerations for scalability and the ability to sustain projected growth. This requirement addresses the system’s capacity to manage future workload expansion without degradation in service levels.
Reference: VMware Cloud Foundation Architecture and Design Guide 9.0 C Design Qualities Section:
Performance and Scalability
Question #17
Which type of storage is used by VKS pods to store non-persistent data?
- A . Container image storage
- B . vSphere local storage
- C . Object storage
- D . Ephemeral storage
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
According to the VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.4 Architecture and Design Guide, vSphere Pods (which support VMware Kubernetes Service or VKS clusters) use three types of storage: ephemeral VMDKs, persistent volume VMDKs, and container image VMDKs.
The document explicitly states:
> “A vSphere Pod requires ephemeral storage to store such Kubernetes objects as logs, emptyDir volumes, and ConfigMaps during its operations. This ephemeral, or transient, storage lasts as long as the pod continues to exist.”
Ephemeral storage is non-persistent by design and is deleted once the pod lifecycle ends. It provides temporary space for data that doesn’t need to persist beyond the pod’s lifespan, such as application logs, temporary caches, or transient compute data. This aligns with Kubernetes’ ephemeral storage model integrated into vSphere infrastructure.
Persistent workloads, by contrast, utilize storage policies and vSphere CNS-backed persistent volumes. Therefore, ephemeral storage is the correct type for non-persistent pod data.
Reference (VMware Cloud Foundation documents):
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.4 ― “Storage Policies for a Supervisor” (p. 5632C5633)
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.4 ― “vSphere Pod Storage Types: Ephemeral, Persistent, and Container Image VMDKs.”
—
D
Explanation:
According to the VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.4 Architecture and Design Guide, vSphere Pods (which support VMware Kubernetes Service or VKS clusters) use three types of storage: ephemeral VMDKs, persistent volume VMDKs, and container image VMDKs.
The document explicitly states:
> “A vSphere Pod requires ephemeral storage to store such Kubernetes objects as logs, emptyDir volumes, and ConfigMaps during its operations. This ephemeral, or transient, storage lasts as long as the pod continues to exist.”
Ephemeral storage is non-persistent by design and is deleted once the pod lifecycle ends. It provides temporary space for data that doesn’t need to persist beyond the pod’s lifespan, such as application logs, temporary caches, or transient compute data. This aligns with Kubernetes’ ephemeral storage model integrated into vSphere infrastructure.
Persistent workloads, by contrast, utilize storage policies and vSphere CNS-backed persistent volumes. Therefore, ephemeral storage is the correct type for non-persistent pod data.
Reference (VMware Cloud Foundation documents):
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.4 ― “Storage Policies for a Supervisor” (p. 5632C5633)
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.4 ― “vSphere Pod Storage Types: Ephemeral, Persistent, and Container Image VMDKs.”
—
Question #18
An architect is planning resources for a new cluster that will be part of an existing workload domain. The new cluster will provide resources for several new workloads, including a mission-critical application consisting of five resource-intensive virtual machines.
The following requirements were provided for the new cluster:
• The solution must ensure that the new workload cluster meets the company’s availability standard of N+1.
• The solution must minimize the overall investment in hardware.
Which two design recommendations should the architect make to meet the stated requirements? (Choose two.)
- A . Use automated placement rules to keep the mission-critical application virtual machines apart.
- B . Use resource pools to prioritize resource for the mission-critical application virtual machines.
- C . Use automated placement rules to keep the mission-critical application virtual machines together.
- D . Create a cluster with six hosts.
- E . Create a cluster with five hosts.
Correct Answer: A, D
A, D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (Based on VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.1 Design Guide):
The VCF 9.0.1 Design Guide and vSphere HA Design Best Practices define N+1 as a configuration where one additional host is reserved to ensure full workload recovery in case of a host failure.
It specifies:
“To satisfy N+1 availability, the number of cluster hosts must exceed the required workload hosts by one to provide failover capacity.”
Therefore, for five resource-intensive VMs, a six-host cluster (D) ensures that in case of one host failure, performance and availability SLAs are maintained.
In addition, using automated placement rules (A) (e.g., anti-affinity rules) ensures that mission-critical VMs are separated across hosts, minimizing risk of concurrent failure. Resource pools (B) only control scheduling priority and do not affect availability, and keeping all VMs together (C) violates redundancy principles.
Reference (VMware Cloud Foundation documents):
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.1 Design Guide ― “N+1 Cluster Sizing and Availability Considerations.” (pp. 902C905)
VMware vSphere HA Best Practices ― “VM Placement Rules and Anti-Affinity Configuration.”
A, D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (Based on VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.1 Design Guide):
The VCF 9.0.1 Design Guide and vSphere HA Design Best Practices define N+1 as a configuration where one additional host is reserved to ensure full workload recovery in case of a host failure.
It specifies:
“To satisfy N+1 availability, the number of cluster hosts must exceed the required workload hosts by one to provide failover capacity.”
Therefore, for five resource-intensive VMs, a six-host cluster (D) ensures that in case of one host failure, performance and availability SLAs are maintained.
In addition, using automated placement rules (A) (e.g., anti-affinity rules) ensures that mission-critical VMs are separated across hosts, minimizing risk of concurrent failure. Resource pools (B) only control scheduling priority and do not affect availability, and keeping all VMs together (C) violates redundancy principles.
Reference (VMware Cloud Foundation documents):
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.1 Design Guide ― “N+1 Cluster Sizing and Availability Considerations.” (pp. 902C905)
VMware vSphere HA Best Practices ― “VM Placement Rules and Anti-Affinity Configuration.”
Question #19
What open source project does vSphere Supervisor use to automate the lifecycle management of VMware Kubernetes Service (VKS) clusters?
- A . Cluster API
- B . Grafana
- C . Contour
- D . Kubeadm
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
According to the VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.4 Architecture and Design Guide, the vSphere Supervisor leverages the Cluster API open-source project to provide declarative, Kubernetes-style APIs for the creation, configuration, and lifecycle management of VMware Kubernetes Service (VKS) clusters.
The documentation states:
“The Cluster API provides declarative, Kubernetes-style APIs for cluster creation, configuration, and management. The inputs to Cluster API include a resource describing the cluster, a set of resources describing the virtual machines that make up the cluster, and a set of resources describing cluster add-ons.”
This API-driven model allows for automated provisioning and scaling of Kubernetes clusters by defining the desired state through YAML manifests. Cluster API (CAPI) is a CNCF open-source project that VMware has extended and integrated into vSphere Supervisor to deliver infrastructure-level automation, ensuring consistency, repeatability, and lifecycle management for VKS clusters.
In contrast, Grafana is used for monitoring, Contour for ingress control, and Kubeadm is a bootstrapping tool for standalone Kubernetes clusters ― none of which provide cluster lifecycle automation in VKS.
Reference (VMware Cloud Foundation documents):
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.4 Architecture and Design Guide ― “VKS Architecture and Components.” (pp. 5635C5637)
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.4 Supervisor Components ― “Cluster API Integration for VKS Lifecycle Management.”
A
Explanation:
According to the VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.4 Architecture and Design Guide, the vSphere Supervisor leverages the Cluster API open-source project to provide declarative, Kubernetes-style APIs for the creation, configuration, and lifecycle management of VMware Kubernetes Service (VKS) clusters.
The documentation states:
“The Cluster API provides declarative, Kubernetes-style APIs for cluster creation, configuration, and management. The inputs to Cluster API include a resource describing the cluster, a set of resources describing the virtual machines that make up the cluster, and a set of resources describing cluster add-ons.”
This API-driven model allows for automated provisioning and scaling of Kubernetes clusters by defining the desired state through YAML manifests. Cluster API (CAPI) is a CNCF open-source project that VMware has extended and integrated into vSphere Supervisor to deliver infrastructure-level automation, ensuring consistency, repeatability, and lifecycle management for VKS clusters.
In contrast, Grafana is used for monitoring, Contour for ingress control, and Kubeadm is a bootstrapping tool for standalone Kubernetes clusters ― none of which provide cluster lifecycle automation in VKS.
Reference (VMware Cloud Foundation documents):
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.4 Architecture and Design Guide ― “VKS Architecture and Components.” (pp. 5635C5637)
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.4 Supervisor Components ― “Cluster API Integration for VKS Lifecycle Management.”
Question #20
An architect is responsible for the design of a VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) Fleet and the following risk has been identified:
• RISK001: There is a risk that frequent infrastructure design changes may break Disaster Recovery (DR) plans and Service Level Objectives.
What should the architect suggest to mitigate this risk?
- A . Setup monitoring & alerting against defined infrastructure service level objectives.
- B . Develop a process to review and update DR plans between changes and schedule monthly end-to-end DR tests.
- C . Limit infrastructure design change frequency to a maximum of once a month.
- D . Configure VM replication with recovery point objective of 5 minutes or less for all workloads from the primary to DR site.
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (Based on VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.3 and 9.0.1 Guides):
The VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.3 Disaster Recovery Planning Guide emphasizes that testing and validation of DR plans must occur regularly and whenever infrastructure changes are made.
It states:
“You can perform test runs periodically to ensure the existing disaster recovery plan works with underlying infrastructure and the configured RPO limit. VMware Live Recovery recommends users perform planned migration at regular intervals to validate the integrity of the existing DR plan.”
Additionally, the VCF 9.0.1 Design Blueprints specify that a well-defined process for reviewing and updating DR documentation between changes ensures continuity and compliance with defined Service Level Objectives (SLOs).
Thus, the correct mitigation action is to establish a structured change management process that includes DR plan updates and monthly end-to-end validation tests. Simply limiting change frequency (option C) or setting replication intervals (option D) does not ensure DR plan integrity.
Reference (VMware Cloud Foundation documents):
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.3 Disaster Recovery Guide ― “Validating and Testing DR Plans with VMware Live Recovery.”
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.1 Design Guide ― “Change Management and DR Validation Requirements.”
B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (Based on VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.3 and 9.0.1 Guides):
The VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.3 Disaster Recovery Planning Guide emphasizes that testing and validation of DR plans must occur regularly and whenever infrastructure changes are made.
It states:
“You can perform test runs periodically to ensure the existing disaster recovery plan works with underlying infrastructure and the configured RPO limit. VMware Live Recovery recommends users perform planned migration at regular intervals to validate the integrity of the existing DR plan.”
Additionally, the VCF 9.0.1 Design Blueprints specify that a well-defined process for reviewing and updating DR documentation between changes ensures continuity and compliance with defined Service Level Objectives (SLOs).
Thus, the correct mitigation action is to establish a structured change management process that includes DR plan updates and monthly end-to-end validation tests. Simply limiting change frequency (option C) or setting replication intervals (option D) does not ensure DR plan integrity.
Reference (VMware Cloud Foundation documents):
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.3 Disaster Recovery Guide ― “Validating and Testing DR Plans with VMware Live Recovery.”
VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0.1 Design Guide ― “Change Management and DR Validation Requirements.”